A.B. 1985, Biology, Harvard College
Ph.D. 1991, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
1990-1993 Junior Fellow, Harvard Society of Fellows
1994-1999 Assistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Amherst
2000-2005 Associate Professor, University of Massachusetts Amherst
2004 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
2005 Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University
2008-present Director, Keck XROMM Core Facility
2015 Dean’s Award for Excellence in Graduate Mentoring
2016-2019 President, International Society of Vertebrate Morphology
2017-2019 President Elect, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
2019-2021 President, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
| Sheehan, Frances T., Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Troy, Karen L., Shefelbine, Sandra J., Ronsky, Janet L. "Advancing quantitative techniques to improve understanding of the skeletal structure-function relationship." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 15, no. 1, 2018. |
| Jimenez YE, Camp AL, Grindall JD, Brainerd EL. "Axial morphology and 3D neurocranial kinematics in suction-feeding fishes." Biology Open, vol. 7, no. 9, 2018. |
| Camp AL, Roberts TJ, Brainerd EL. "Bluegill sunfish use high power outputs from axial muscles to generate powerful suction-feeding strikes." The Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 221, no. Pt 11, 2018, pp. jeb178160. |
| Cieri, Robert L., Moritz, Sabine, Capano, John G., Brainerd, Elizabeth L. "Breathing with floating ribs: XROMM analysis of lung ventilation in savannah monitor lizards." The Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 221, no. 22, 2018, pp. jeb189449. |
| Stover KK, Weinreich DM, Roberts TJ, Brainerd EL. "Patterns of musculoskeletal growth and dimensional changes associated with selection and developmental plasticity in domestic and wild strain turkeys." Ecology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 6, 2018, pp. 3229-3239. |
| Stover KK, Brainerd EL, Roberts TJ. "Waddle and shuffle: gait alterations associated with domestication in turkeys." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 221, no. Pt 15, 2018. |
| Brainerd EL, Blob RW, Hedrick TL, Creamer AT, Müller UK. "Data Management Rubric for Video Data in Organismal Biology." Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 57, no. 1, 2017, pp. 33-47. |
| Camp AL, Scott B, Brainerd EL, Wilga CD. "Dual function of the pectoral girdle for feeding and locomotion in white-spotted bamboo sharks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 284, no. 1859, 2017. |
| Witzmann, Florian, Brainerd, Elizabeth. "Modeling the physiology of the aquatic temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheniltgt; from the early Permian of Germany." Fossil Record, vol. 20, no. 2, 2017, pp. 105-127. |
| Dial TR, Hernandez LP, Brainerd EL. "Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies." Scientific reports, vol. 7, no. 1, 2017, pp. 5771. |
| Olsen AM, Camp AL, Brainerd EL. "The opercular mouth-opening mechanism of largemouth bass functions as a 3D four-bar linkage with three degrees of freedom." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 220, no. Pt 24, 2017, pp. 4612-4623. |
| Camp, Ariel L., Astley, Henry C., Horner, Angela M., Roberts, Thomas J., Brainerd, Elizabeth L. "Fluoromicrometry: A Method for Measuring Muscle Length Dynamics with Biplanar Videofluoroscopy." Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology, vol. 325, no. 7, 2016, pp. 399-408. |
| Bonnan, Matthew F., Shulman, Jason, Varadharajan, Radha, Gilbert, Corey, Wilkes, Mary, Horner, Angela, Brainerd, Elizabeth. "Forelimb Kinematics of Rats Using XROMM, with Implications for Small Eutherians and Their Fossil Relatives." PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 3, 2016, pp. e0149377. |
| Mayerl, Christopher J., Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Blob, Richard W. "Pelvic girdle mobility of cryptodire and pleurodire turtles during walking and swimming." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 219, no. 17, 2016, pp. 2650-2658. |
| Knörlein BJ, Baier DB, Gatesy SM, Laurence-Chasen JD, Brainerd EL. "Validation of XMALab software for marker-based XROMM." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 219, no. Pt 23, 2016, pp. jeb.145383. |
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Dial, K.P., Shubin, N, Brainerd, E.L. eds.
Book: Great Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
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| Dial, Terry R., Reznick, David N., Brainerd, Elizabeth L. "Effects of neonatal size on maturity and escape performance in the Trinidadian guppy." Functional Ecology, 2015, pp. n/a-n/a. |
| Gidmark, Nicholas J., Taylor, Chantel, LoPresti, Eric, Brainerd, Elizabeth. "Functional morphology of durophagy in black carp, M ylopharyngodon piceus." Journal of Morphology, vol. 276, no. 12, 2015, pp. 1422-1432. |
| Camp, A. L., Brainerd, E. L. "Reevaluating Musculoskeletal Linkages in Suction-Feeding Fishes with X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM)." Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 55, no. 1, 2015, pp. 36-47. |
| Camp AL, Brainerd EL. "Reevaluating Musculoskeletal Linkages in Suction-Feeding Fishes with X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM)." Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 55, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1200. |
| Camp AL, Roberts TJ, Brainerd EL. "Swimming muscles power suction feeding in largemouth bass." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no. 28, 2015, pp. 8690-5. |
| Brainerd, E. L., Moritz, S., Ritter, D. A. "XROMM analysis of rib kinematics during lung ventilation in the green iguana, Iguana iguana." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 219, no. 3, 2015, pp. 404-411. |
| Menegaz RA, Baier DB, Metzger KA, Herring SW, Brainerd EL. "XROMM analysis of tooth occlusion and temporomandibular joint kinematics during feeding in juvenile miniature pigs." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 218, no. Pt 16, 2015, pp. 2573-84. |
| Gidmark NJ, Tarrant JC, Brainerd EL. "Convergence in morphology and masticatory function between the pharyngeal jaws of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and oral jaws of amniote herbivores." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 217, no. Pt 11, 2014, pp. 1925-32. |
| Nowroozi BN, Brainerd EL. "Importance of mechanics and kinematics in determining the stiffness contribution of the vertebral column during body-caudal-fin swimming in fishes." Zoology (Jena, Germany), vol. 117, no. 1, 2014, pp. 28-35. |
| Camp AL, Brainerd EL. "Role of axial muscles in powering mouth expansion during suction feeding in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 217, no. Pt 8, 2014, pp. 1333-45. |
| Gidmark NJ, Konow N, Lopresti E, Brainerd EL. "Bite force is limited by the force-length relationship of skeletal muscle in black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus." Biology letters, vol. 9, no. 2, 2013, pp. 20121181. |
| Harper CJ, Swartz SM, Brainerd EL. "Specialized bat tongue is a hemodynamic nectar mop." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 110, no. 22, 2013, pp. 8852-7. |
| Nowroozi BN, Brainerd EL. "X-ray motion analysis of the vertebral column during the startle response in striped bass, Morone saxatilis." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 216, no. Pt 15, 2013, pp. 2833-42. |
| Cundall D, Brainerd EL, Constantino J, Deufel A, Grapski D, Kley NJ. "Drinking in snakes: resolving a biomechanical puzzle." Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology, vol. 317, no. 3, 2012, pp. 152-72. |
| Gidmark NJ, Staab KL, Brainerd EL, Hernandez LP. "Flexibility in starting posture drives flexibility in kinematic behavior of the kinethmoid-mediated premaxillary protrusion mechanism in a cyprinid fish, Cyprinus carpio." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 215, no. Pt 13, 2012, pp. 2262-72. |
| Nowroozi BN, Harper CJ, De Kegel B, Adriaens D, Brainerd EL. "Regional variation in morphology of vertebral centra and intervertebral joints in striped bass, Morone saxatilis." Journal of Morphology, vol. 273, no. 4, 2012, pp. 441-52. |
| Nowroozi BN, Brainerd EL. "Regional variation in the mechanical properties of the vertebral column during lateral bending in Morone saxatilis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 9, no. 75, 2012, pp. 2667-79. |
| Dawson MM, Metzger KA, Baier DB, Brainerd EL. "Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 214, no. Pt 12, 2011, pp. 2036-46. |
| Gidmark NJ, Strother JA, Horton JM, Summers AP, Brainerd EL. "Locomotory transition from water to sand and its effects on undulatory kinematics in sand lances (Ammodytidae)." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 214, no. Pt 4, 2011, pp. 657-64. |
| Miranda, Daniel L., Schwartz, Joel B., Loomis, Andrew C., Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Fleming, Braden C., Crisco, Joseph J. "Static and Dynamic Error of a Biplanar Videoradiography System Using Marker-Based and Markerless Tracking Techniques." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 133, no. 12, 2011, pp. 121002. |
| Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Baier, David B., Gatesy, Stephen M., Hedrick, Tyson L., Metzger, Keith A., Gilbert, Susannah L., Crisco, Joseph J. "X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research." Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology, vol. 9999A, no. 5, 2010, pp. 262-79. |
| Landberg T, Mailhot JD, Brainerd EL. "Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a semi-aquatic turtle, Trachemys scripta." Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology, vol. 311, no. 8, 2009, pp. 551-62. |
| Keefe, D. F., O'Brien, T. M., Baier, D. B., Gatesy, S. M., Brainerd, E. L., Laidlaw, D. H. "Exploratory Visualization of Animal Kinematics Using Instantaneous Helical Axes." Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 27, no. 3, 2008, pp. 863-870. |
| Brainerd, E., Gatesy, S., Baier, D., Hedrick, T. "A method for accurate 3-D reconstruction of skeletal morphology and movement." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 146, no. 4, 2007, pp. S119. |
| Azizi E, Brainerd EL. "Architectural gear ratio and muscle fiber strain homogeneity in segmented musculature." Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology, vol. 307, no. 3, 2007, pp. 145-55. |
| WARD, ANDREA B., BRAINERD, ELIZABETH L. "Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 90, no. 1, 2007, pp. 97-116. |
| Brainerd EL, Owerkowicz T. "Functional morphology and evolution of aspiration breathing in tetrapods." Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, vol. 154, no. 1-2, 2006, pp. 73-88. |
| Brainerd EL, Azizi E. "Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 208, no. Pt 17, 2005, pp. 3249-61. |
| Levine RP, Monroy JA, Brainerd EL. "Contribution of eye retraction to swallowing performance in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 207, no. Pt 8, 2004, pp. 1361-8. |
| Jackson K, Kley NJ, Brainerd EL. "How snakes eat snakes: the biomechanical challenges of ophiophagy for the California kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula californiae (Serpentes: Colubridae)." Zoology (Jena, Germany), vol. 107, no. 3, 2004, pp. 191-200. |
| Ultsch GR, Brainerd EL, Jackson DC. "Lung collapse among aquatic reptiles and amphibians during long-term diving." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 139, no. 1, 2004, pp. 111-5. |
| Azizi E, Gillis GB, Brainerd EL. "Morphology and mechanics of myosepta in a swimming salamander (Siren lacertina)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 133, no. 4, 2002, pp. 967-78. |
| Kley NJ, Brainerd EL. "Post-cranial prey transport mechanisms in the black pinesnake, Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi: an x-ray videographic study." Zoology (Jena, Germany), vol. 105, no. 2, 2002, pp. 153-64. |
| Druzisky KA, Brainerd EL. "Buccal oscillation and lung ventilation in a semi-aquatic turtle, Platysternon megacephalum." Zoology (Jena, Germany), vol. 104, no. 2, 2001, pp. 143-52. |
| Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Slutz, Sandra S., Hall, Edward K., Phillis, Randall W. "PATTERNS OF GENOME SIZE EVOLUTION IN TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES." Evolution, vol. 55, no. 11, 2001, pp. 2363. |
| Brainerd EL, Slutz SS, Hall EK, Phillis RW. "Patterns of genome size evolution in tetraodontiform fishes." Evolution, vol. 55, no. 11, 2001, pp. 2363-8. |
| Bennett WO, Simons RS, Brainerd EL. "Twisting and bending: the functional role of salamander lateral hypaxial musculature during locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 204, no. Pt 11, 2001, pp. 1979-89. |
| Simons RS, Bennett WO, Brainerd EL. "Mechanics of lung ventilation in a post-metamorphic salamander, Ambystoma Tigrinum." Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 203, no. Pt 6, 2000, pp. 1081-92. |
| Brainerd, Elizabeth L., Simons, Rachel S. "Morphology and Function of Lateral Hypaxial Musculature in Salamanders1." American Zoologist, vol. 40, no. 1, 2000, pp. 77-86. |
| Simons RS, Brainerd EL. "Morphological variation of hypaxial musculature in salamanders (Lissamphibia: caudata)." Journal of Morphology, vol. 241, no. 2, 1999, pp. 153-64. |
| Summers AP, Darouian KF, Richmond AM, Brainerd EL. "Kinematics of aquatic and terrestrial prey capture in Terrapene carolina, with implications for the evolution of feeding in cryptodire turtles." The Journal of experimental zoology, vol. 281, no. 4, 1998, pp. 280-7. |
2018-2022 NSF Graduate Research Fellowship funding for my doctoral students: Yordano Jimenez, Elska Kaczmarek, Jeremy J. Lomax, Hannah Weller.
2018-2023 HHMI James H. Gilliam Fellowship for Advanced Study. Awarded to Jeremy J. Lomax (doctoral student) and mentor E.L. Brainerd.
2017-2020 National Science Foundation, Advances in Biological Informatics. “ABI Sustaining: Maintenance of the XMA/ZMAPortal video data management systems and XMALab video motion analysis software for the comparative biomechanics community”
2017-2020 National Science Foundation, Integrative Organismal Systems. “Determining the source of muscle power for suction feeding in ray-finned fishes.” PI with co-PI Ariel Camp.
2017-2020 National Science Foundation, Advances in Biological Informatics. “ABI Sustaining: Maintenance of the XMA/ZMAPortal video data management systems and XMALab video motion analysis software for the comparative biomechanics community.”
2016-2018 National Science Foundation, Environmental Biology. “DDIG: Experimental miniaturization of guppy offspring.” Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant with doctoral student Terry Dial.
2013-2016 National Science Foundation, Advances in Biological Informatics. "Integrated X-Ray Motion Analysis Software and Video Data Management for the Comparative Biomechanics Community."
2011-2014 National Science Foundation, Integrative Organismal Systems. "Rib Kinematics and Intercostal Muscle Function in Amniotes."
2010-2014 National Science Foundation, Molecular and Cellular Biosciences. "Collaborative Research: QSTORM: Switchable Quantum Dots and Adaptive Optics for Super-Resolution Imaging."
2009-2014 National Science Foundation, Integrative Organismal Systems. "RCN: A Research Coordinaton Network for X-ray Motion Analysis."
2006-2009 National Science Foundation, Instrument Development for Biological Research Program. "Hardware and Software Development for 3D Visualization of Rapid Skeletal Motion in Vertebrate Animals."
2003-2007 National Science Foundation, Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program. "Biomechanics of segmented axial musculature in salamanders and fishes."
1999-2005 National Science Foundation, Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program. "CAREER: Lung ventilation in lizards and the evolution of amniote respiratory mechanisms"
1999-2003 National Science Foundation, Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology. "UMEB: Preparing Students for Careers in Environmental Biology, a Massachusetts Partnership." (E. Brainerd PI and Executive Director; B. Jakob, F. Juanes and S. Prattis, Co-PIs and Co-Directors)
1997-1998 National Science Foundation, POWRE Program. "How to circumvent a mechanical constraint: gular pump breathing during locomotion in monitor lizards"
1995-1999 National Science Foundation, Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program. "Exhalation Mechanics and the Evolution of Aspiration Breathing in Tetrapods"
| Year | Degree | Institution |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | PhD | Harvard University |
| 1985 | AB | Harvard University |
2019 Distinguished Brown Research Achievement Award
2018 Gilliam Fellowship Mentor, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2016 Elected President, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
2015 Dean’s Award for Excellence in Graduate Mentoring
2013 Elected President, International Society of Vertebrate Morphology
2004 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
1999-2004 CAREER Award, National Science Foundation
1996-1997 Lilly Teaching Fellowship, University of Massachusetts Amherst
1990-1993 Junior Fellowship, Harvard University Society of Fellows
| BIOL 1885 - Human Anatomy and Biomechanics |
| BIOL 2430 - Topics in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology |
| MED 2160 - Human Anatomy 1 |
